
PROMISE KEEPERS
and the Rising Tide of Ecumenism
by Gil Rugh
CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1 - What is Promise Keepers?
Chapter 2 - Promise Keepers and Ecumenism
Chapter 3 - Promise Keepers and Godliness
Chapter 4 - Promise Keepers and the Vineyard Movement
Conclusion
End Notes
PREFACE
I recently delivered a sermon concerning the error of attempting to substitute
man-made programs for God's glorious plan. Because of the interest expressed
in that sermon and because of requests for copies of the text, I decided
to publish the sermon and make it available to those who want to examine
the message more closely. The sermon took the form of a biblical critique
of the men's movement known as Promise Keepers. I stated then and state
now that I am well aware that even the idea of examining the movement
might produce negative reactions. After all, if the clear intent of Promise
Keepers is to produce godly men, why examine the movement? What could
be wrong with Christian men uniting to become more godly? Well, of course,
there is everything right and nothing wrong with becoming more godly.
There is a fundamental problem, however, with the Promise Keepers' approach
to the Gospel and to the way godliness is achieved in the life of a believer.
That is why I must examine the movement. Let me say at the outset that,
- I
do not presume to judge the integrity or the motives of those in Promise
Keepers.
-
I do not question the salvation of these men.
-
I do not doubt that many involved with Promise Keepers are sincere,
godly men who love the Lord Jesus Christ.
Let
me stress that I am concerned with the doctrine of the movement and the
ministry being promoted. Any group that claims to represent Jesus Christ
must 1) preach a pure Gospel, and 2) address man's spiritual growth from
an accurate interpretation of God's Word. As we will see, Promise Keepers
fails on both counts. Examining an issue such as this is not enjoyable
and there is a temptation to ignore such an issue for the sake of unity.
But God has called the church to be "the pillar and support of the truth"
(I Tim. 3:15), plus we are to "examine everything carefully" (I Thess.
5:21). Part of standing for the truth involves exposing doctrine that
is not in line with Scripture.
My hope in writing this is that the reader would be better informed on
what Promise Keepers is and be able to evaluate it more clearly in light
of Scripture.
CHAPTER
ONE
What
Is Promise Keepers?
Before addressing the doctrine of Promise Keepers, it is important to
understand the origin and purpose of the movement. Promise Keepers is
a Christian men's movement, founded in 1990 by former University of Colorado
Football coach, Bill McCartney. Four thousand, two hundred men attended
the first conference at Boulder, Colorado in 1991. Attendance at the 1993
and 1994 conferences exceeded 55,000. Promise Keepers has also sponsored
conferences with similar attendance figures in various cities throughout
the United States. Without question, Promise Keepers is a major force
in Christianity.
Purpose
of Promise Keepers
The following statements from a Promise Keepers' affiliated magazine,
Men of Action, clearly show the purpose of Promise Keepers:
Promise Keepers is a Christ-centered ministry dedicated to uniting men
through vital relationships to become godly men who influence their
world.[1]
We
believe that we have a God-given mission to unite men who are separated
by race, geography, culture, denomination, and economics.[2]
The
foundation of Promise Keepers is a set of seven descriptive statements
that a prospective member of Promise Keepers must accept. These seven
assertions are:
1.
A Promise Keeper is committed to honor Jesus Christ through worship,
prayer, and obedience to His Word.
2.
A Promise Keeper is committed to practice spiritual, moral, ethical,
and sexual purity.
3.
A Promise Keeper is committed to build strong marriages and families
through love, protection, and biblical values.
4.
A Promise Keeper is committed to support the mission of his church by
honoring and praying for his pastor and by actively giving his time
and resources.
5.
A Promise Keeper is committed to reach beyond any racial and denominational
barriers to demonstrate the power of biblical unity.
6.
A Promise Keeper is committed to influence his world, being obedient
to the Great Commandment (Mark 12:30-31) and the Great Commission (Matthew
28:19-20).
7.
A Promise Keeper is committed to pursue vital relationships with a few
other men, understanding that he needs his brothers to help keep his
promises.[3]
In addition to accepting those seven promises, Promise Keepers place
strong emphasis on "vital relationships" as indicated in the following
statement.
We
believe that vital relationships among men are the foundation for helping
one another become promise keepers. We contend that this is best accomplished
when a small group of men agree to pursue God - face to face, shoulder
to shoulder, and back to back - and establish covenant relationships with
one another . . to be accountable to each other.[4]
In
the context of covenant relationships, a man willingly grants other men
the right to inquire about his relationship to God, his commitment to
his family, his sexuality, and his financial dealings.[5]
From
their literature, one sees clearly that the purpose of Promise Keepers
is to produce godliness in men. That godliness is accomplished by uniting
men of various backgrounds, by keeping seven promises, and by being accountable
to other men
CHAPTER TWO
Promise
Keepers and Ecumenism
Upon
studying the doctrine of the Promise Keepers, I believe there are three
fundamental problems with the movement:
1. Promise Keepers is part of an ecumenical trend that puts aside essential
theological issues in order to promote a unity which is not biblical
unity.
2. The Promise Keepers' plan for producing godliness is not in accord
with God's plan as set forth in His Word.
3. Promise Keepers is founded and driven by men associated with the
Vineyard movement, a movement characterized by unsound theology.
Foundation
of Ecumenism
There is great emphasis in the church today on uniting professing Christians
of all denominations and beliefs. That effort is commonly referred to
as "ecumenism," which is defined as "the organized attempt to bring about
the cooperation and unity of all believers in Christ."[6] With ecumenism
is an emphasis on setting aside theological differences between denominations
while focusing on areas of agreement. The areas of agreement are predominantly
social, moral, and political.
The foundation for this ecumenical trend has been laid and built upon
over many years. The 1960s saw the beginning of institutional ecumenism
with the rise of the World Council of Churches. Members of this council
were mostly liberal mainline Protestant denominations who denied such
essential doctrines as the inerrancy of Scripture and a literal, bodily
resurrection of Christ. For years, Evangelicals distanced themselves from
this institutional ecumenism because of the unsound theology of the groups
involved. Today, however, that spirit of compromise has invaded Evangelicalism.
The recent Catholic-Evangelical accord is an example of such compromise.
In this accord, Evangelicals compromised essential doctrines such as justification
by faith alone and the sufficiency of Scripture in order to unite with
Roman Catholics on issues such as abortion and school prayer. Doctrines
that divided Evangelicals and Catholics for centuries are now being put
aside in order to experience unity.
Another ecumenical influence has been the Charismatic movement which has
been effective in uniting those who supposedly have had a common experience
in the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues. Because of common experiences,
doctrinal differences that once separated denominations have often been
set aside. One can now be an Episcopalian, Methodist, Lutheran, or even
Roman Catholic and still be united because of common experience.
The infiltration of psychology into the church has also strengthened this
trend. Most Christian radio stations are saturated with Christian psychology
programs, yet the vast majority of listeners to these programs know very
little about the doctrine or church affiliation of the men they listen
to. These men are accepted as authorities on Christian living simply because
they say they are Christians and believe the Bible. These men unify Christians,
not on the basis of Scripture but on their psychological influence which
is trans-doctrinal.
So with the influence of institutional ecumenism, the Charismatic movement,
and Christian psychology, there is wave after wave of pressure that says,
"Let's not emphasize doctrine. Let's not emphasize the specifics of the
Word." It is enough to say that we believe in Christ, therefore, we should
not quarrel over areas of disagreement. Over time believers are worn down
and are tempted to compromise. We are tempted to sacrifice truth for unity.
After all, who wants to be known as divisive? Who wants to stand in the
way of unity?
There is, however, great danger when the church compromises essential
doctrines to unite on social, moral, and political issues. Those involved
in ecumenism often quote Jesus' prayer in John 17:21, where He prayed,
"that they (Christians) may all be one" to show that believers should
be unified. Certainly, believers should earnestly desire the unity Jesus
referred to. However, in that same prayer, Jesus prayed, "Sanctify them
in the truth; Thy word is truth" (John 17:17). True unity must be based
on the truth of Scripture or else it is a false unity. The Bible nowhere
calls for unity at the expense of truth.
The Promise Keepers' movement is also part of this ecumenical trend of
down-playing doctrine for unity. In one Promise Keeper publication this
is clearly evident:
We
believe that we have a God-given mission to unite men who are separated
by race, geography, culture, denomination, and economics[7]
A Promise Keeper is committed to reach beyond any racial and denominational
barriers to demonstrate the power of biblical unity[8]
Promise Keepers is committed to reaching across denominational barriers
in an effort to unite men. And they have been successful in doing that.
Promise Keepers supporters and sponsors include Evangelicals, Catholics,
Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Charismatics, and
others. These groups have been divided by major doctrinal differences
for many years. But now these differences are being dropped for the sake
of unity. One pastor, who attended a Promise Keepers' meeting said,
I
. . . experienced the true oneness among brethren of different faiths,
races, and colors, and I also experienced an appreciation of diversity[9]
Notice that the "oneness" described had nothing to do with biblical truth
but rather with feelings and emotions. True "oneness," however, must be
based on biblical truth, or it is not true "oneness." There is a difference
between experiential and spiritual oneness. We can watch a movie with
other people and laugh and cry together because we share the same experience.
We may have experiential oneness but that is not Holy Spirit produced
unity. The ecumenical nature of Promise Keepers can also be seen in the
following quotation:
We
are dedicated, then, to addressing the division that has separated the
body of Christ for too long. We are committed to call men to reconcile
in Christ, to live as one.[10]
That
statement sounds virtuous. After all, who does not want unity? Who does
not want division put aside? But skipping over doctrinal issues is not
the way to biblical unity.
The
Evangelical Church has traditionally taken a stand against the doctrines
of the liberal Protestant denominations and the Catholic Church. Many
liberal Protestant denominations deny the deity of Christ, the infallibility
of Scripture, and the literal reality of the resurrection. One cannot
be saved and hold to such errors.
The
Catholic Church denies salvation by faith alone and adds sacraments and
obedience to the Church as necessary for salvation. So when Promise Keepers
say they are "addressing the division that has separated the body of Christ,"
are they addressing key issues? Are false doctrines being addressed? Are
the people in these churches challenged to flee their false religious
systems? The answer is "No."
Key foundational issues have been dropped, all for the sake of supposed
unity. There is so much theological diversity among those involved with
Promise Keepers that no in-depth discussion of Scripture or what it means
to be a Christian could take place without tearing the movement apart.
The ecumenical nature of Promise Keepers is a serious matter. If one followed
the doctrines of some of the groups involved in this movement, one could
not even be a Christian. And if one is not a Christian, nothing that person
does will enable him or her to be godly.
CHAPTER
THREE
Promise
Keepers and Godliness
I
once read an article in the local newspaper that stressed the importance
of church, family, friends, and values. I found myself agreeing with much
of the article. The only problem was that the program was sponsored by
the Mormon church.
Now,
I do agree with Mormons that church, family, friends, and values are important,
but is that enough for me to unite with them? Of course not. In spite
of all these areas of agreement, there are essential doctrinal differences
that will never allow me to unify with Mormons in spiritual matters. Their
program is not in line with God's Word for salvation or godliness.
The
disagreements I have with the Mormons are what really matter, not the
agreements. Likewise, with Promise Keepers, though I agree with much of
what they are saying, there are doctrinal differences that will not allow
me to support this movement.
Promise
Keepers say they are interested in producing godly men. But is this honorable
motive enough? Or does it matter how one goes about achieving godliness?
I hold that true godliness can only be produced in the way God prescribed
in His Word. With toys and with godliness, one must follow the instructions
of the maker. Good intentions do not assemble a toy or produce godliness.
Perhaps you have seen a popular sign that reads: "When all else fails,
read the directions." With the assembling of toys and tools or with making
some electronic device work, we may learn the hard way - more than once
- that failure to follow instructions leads to failure and frustration.
Obviously, with the achieving of godliness, it is far, far more critical
that we follow the instructions of the Maker.
God
has prescribed in His Word the way godliness is to be achieved. Promise
Keepers attempt to promote godliness without following God's plan as set
forth in His Word. It is possible to pursue an honorable objective in
the wrong way. Paul said of his fellow Jews, "For I bear them witness
that they have a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge" (Romans
10:2). I appreciate that Promise Keepers want to help men become godly
but good intentions are not enough. I am afraid their zeal is not according
to knowledge.
Extra-Biblical
Rules
One error of Promise Keepers is its emphasis on extra-biblical or man-made
rules. As indicated earlier, being a Promise Keeper includes committing
to seven promises. But nowhere in the Bible does it tell us to be saved
and then follow seven promises so that we can grow spiritually. The Bible
is clear that godliness does not come from man-made rules, no matter how
good those rules may seem:
If
you have died with Christ to the elementary principles of the world,
why, as if you were living in the world, do you submit yourself to decrees,
such as, "Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch!" . . in accordance
with the commandments and teachings of men. . . These are matters which
have, to be sure, the appearance of wisdom in self-made religion and
self-abasement. . . but are of no value against fleshly indulgence
(Col. 2:20,23).
The
external standards that men establish may appear to be wise, but they
are of no help in producing true godliness and are of no help in fighting
the flesh. The promises a Promise Keeper agrees to are of no value because
they are fleshly attempts to produce godliness. As we will see, godliness
must be produced by the Spirit in accordance with the Word of God. Paul
confronted a group who promoted extra-biblical rules for godliness. The
Judaizers of Paul's day taught that faith in Christ was necessary for
salvation, but they also taught that obedience to parts of the Mosaic
Law, including circumcision, were also necessary.
They
also taught obedience to the Law was essential for living godly lives.
In other words, the Judaizers held that being godly included adhering
to an external set of rules. The Christians at Galatia had fallen into
this false doctrine. Paul scolded them saying:
YOU
foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you. . . This is the only thing
I want to find out from you: did you receive the Spirit by the works
of the Law, or by hearing with faith? Are you so foolish? Having begun
by the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh? (Gal. 3:2-3).
The
principle is clear: Just as salvation is totally of the Holy Spirit and
has nothing to do with our own efforts, so too, the living out of the
Christian life must be according to the Holy Spirit and not according
to fleshly efforts. The way one was saved is the same way one must grow
spiritually.
Paul
would also tell the Galatians, "Walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry
out the desire of the flesh" (Galatians 5:16). The key to godly living
is continual reliance upon and obedience to the Holy Spirit. Though the
Galatians were genuinely saved they wrongly tried to live out their lives
in the flesh by keeping the rules and regulations of the Judaizers. Today
we see Promise Keepers repeating the Judaizer error all over again. They
teach that men will become godly by binding themselves to an agreement
of seven promises. But that sets down external criteria for godliness.
Godliness can only be produced by the Holy Spirit.
"Vital
Relationships"
We
have shown that extra-biblical standards for godliness are not biblical.
But now I would like to focus specifically on the issue of having "vital
relationships" with other men. Promise 7 states:
A
Promise Keeper is committed to pursue vital relationships with a few
other men, understanding that he needs his brothers to help keep his
promises. . . Each man willingly grants the others the right to inquire
about his relationship to God, his commitment to his family, his sexuality,
and his financial dealings.[11]
According to this statement, men must give other men the right to inquire
about family, sexual, and financial matters. Certainly as brothers in
the Lord men are to encourage, rebuke, and admonish one another, but nowhere
in the Bible are men told to give other men the right to inquire about
those things. Obviously, if a man is involved in sin, he needs to be confronted
(see Gal. 6:1). There is, however, nothing in the Bible that gives other
men the right to inquire into private family and sexual matters.
God's
Plan For Godliness
What
is God's plan for producing godliness? We have highlighted that the Promise
Keeper method is not in line with Scripture. Now we will look at God's
plan as given in His Word. God's plan for godliness begins with the local
church. Of the 114 references to "church" in the New Testament, over 90
refer to the local assembly of believers. We must not skip over the fact
that God's plan for godliness is linked to the local church.
And
He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists,
and some as pastors and teachers, for the equipping of the saints for
the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ; until we
all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son
of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature which belongs to
the fullness of Christ (Eph. 4:11-13).
According
to Paul, God has given the church gifted men who can instruct the body
of Christ - through the Word of God - on the way to be godly. Through
their teaching, pastors, teachers, and evangelists equip us, or make us
ready, to do the work of the ministry. That is done, "to the building
up of the body of Christ. . . to a mature man." As believers function
in the context of their local church, they are built up and become mature.
What is the final result of this process?
As
a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves,
and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by
craftiness in deceitful scheming; but speaking the truth in love, we are
to grow up in all aspects into Him, who is the head, even Christ. . .
(Eph. 4:14-16).
When
the church teaches people the Word, the people will grow spiritually and
will no longer be "tossed" around by bad doctrine. As the Spirit of God
enables men of God to teach the Word of God, the people of God will grow
and mature. That is God's plan for godliness. We do not have the right
to decide that we have a better plan. We cannot just say, "We want to
be godly; therefore, we are going to get men together who will commit
to seven promises so they can be real men." Men cannot function apart
from the local body of believers and expect to be godly. There may be
an appearance of godliness, but it is not biblical godliness.
Two
Plans For Godliness?
Promise
Keepers is exclusively a men's movement. But does God distinguish His
plan for godliness based on gender? Is there one plan for men and another
plan for women? The Bible is clear that this is not the case:
There
is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is
neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus (Gal. 3:28,
italics mine).
There are different roles and responsibilities indicated in the Bible
for men and women, but as far as God's plan for growth in the church,
there are no separate categories for men and women. The Bible never instructs
men to get together to be godly. Certainly, there is nothing wrong with
men meeting with other men or women meeting with other women but such
meetings should be within the framework of the local church. Programs
specifically for men find no precedent in Scripture.
One
cannot mix sound biblical doctrine with false doctrine and expect it to
produce godly men. Most of the promises a Promise Keeper makes are not
inherently wrong, but godliness is not the result of a rule or promise
system. It is true that godly men do not mistreat their wives and children,
but godliness is not created by getting men to commit to promises not
to do these things. Godly men are produced by believing the pure Gospel
of Jesus Christ and submitting themselves to the Word in the context of
the local church so that they may grow to maturity. When a man becomes
truly converted and submits himself to the Word, he will treat his wife
and children properly. He will be a man of integrity who will have a positive
impact on society.
CHAPTER
FOUR
Promise
Keepers and the Vineyard Movement
So far we have noted the ecumenical nature of Promise Keepers and its
unbiblical plan for godliness. Another problem with the movement is the
unsound theology of many of its leaders, especially with regards to the
Charismatic movement. Historically, the Evangelical Church has consistently
declared that the miraculous gifts of the Apostolic Era such as speaking
in tongues, gifts of healings, and prophecies were limited to that era.
God used such signs and wonders to confirm the authenticity of the Apostles
and the message of the Gospel they were proclaiming (see Hebrews 2:4;
II Corinthians 12:12). When the Apostolic Era ended, the miraculous gifts
of that era ceased since the foundation of the church had been laid (see
Ephesians 2:20), and the canon of Scripture was completed. This has been
the testimony of Scripture and history for the first 1900 years of the
church.
However, many in the Charismatic movement hold that the miraculous signs
of the Apostolic Era are for today. One variation of the Charismatic movement
is the Vineyard movement. They, too, believe that God is giving new revelation
today and that the miraculous signs of the early church should be normative
for today. These beliefs have led to much confusion and error.
The founder and main spokesman of Promise Keepers, Bill McCartney, is
a former Catholic who converted to the Vineyard movement. Consistent with
Vineyard doctrine, McCartney, when addressing Promise Keeper rallies,
often gives what he claims are direct revelations from God. Thousands
of men subject themselves to the teachings of a man claiming to speak
on behalf of God, when Scripture is clear God is not giving new revelation
in this age. But since the emphasis of Promise Keepers is on unity and
not doctrine, McCartney is not held accountable for what he says.
McCartney's pastor, James Ryle, is on the Board of Directors of Promise
Keepers and has close connections with the self-proclaimed prophet, and
co-founder of the Vineyard movement, John Wimber. Ryle, like Wimber, also
claims to be a modern-day prophet, receiving revelations from God. In
November of 1990 at a Vineyard Harvest Conference in Denver, Ryle made
the following statement:
The
Lord has appointed me as a lookout and shown me some things that I want
to show you. . . The Lord spoke to me and said, "What you saw in the
Beatles - the gifting and the sound that they had - was from me. . .
It was my purpose to bring forth through music a worldwide revival that
would usher in the move of my Spirit in bringing men and women to Christ.
. ." [12]
Ryle, at another time, also claimed he had a vision of a Beatles concert
where the people were "screaming the Name - Jesus."[13]
Here is a leader of Promise Keepers who claims God told him the Beatles
were originally God's instrument for bringing "worldwide revival." Now,
I grew up in the era of the Beatles, but never did I connect their beatin'
it out on Ed Sullivan with God's plan for worldwide revival. Christians
need to be concerned about a man of considerable influence in the Christian
community who claims to receive direct revelation from God concerning
the Beatles.
Along with McCartney and Ryle, there are many other Charismatic speakers
who regularly speak at the conferences. One well-known pastor in the Vineyard
movement explained at a Promise Keepers' rally what he believed to be
the three reasons for circumcision based on Genesis 17. He said:
(1)
God wants to touch your very identity as a man;
(2) God wants to reach out and touch your secret and private parts;
(3)
God wants to touch man's creative parts. Therefore, since God touched
men's creative parts, men as God's people need to be creative in witnessing
to others.[14]
But if one studies Genesis 17, he will see that circumcision was a sign
of the covenant God made with the nation, Israel. It had nothing to do
with being creative in witnessing. Yet thousands of men gathered together
to hear such foolishness and this speaker was not accountable for misrepresenting
the Word of God.
There was a time when the Evangelical Church would have stood against
the unbiblical teaching of the Promise Keepers. But with the current de-emphasis
on sound doctrine, that is no longer the case. As long as a man claims
to be a Christian he can say whatever he wants and not worry that his
teaching will be examined.
CONCLUSION
The
issue of promoting godliness is a serious matter. Though the leaders in
Promise Keepers have good intentions, that is irrelevant. Paul did not
say he appreciated the Judaizers because they had good intentions. He
went right after their erroneous teaching. When anyone tampers with the
Gospel and the way godliness is produced, believers need to take a stand.
One of my best friends who lived in Philadelphia once got involved with
the Jehovah's Witnesses. Through his interest in the Jehovah's Witnesses,
I had the opportunity to discuss the Bible and Christ with him, and he
eventually became a Christian. But I have never recommended that a person
try out the Jehovah's Witnesses so that he or she could become a Christian.
God sometimes works good in spite of men's efforts and not because of
them. Though good may come from Promise Keepers I cannot recommend that
men subject themselves to unsound doctrine.
The
church is to be "the pillar and support of the truth." Pastors are called
to shepherd the flock and watch over their souls (see Acts 20:28). That
means warning them of false doctrine that may harm them. As a pastor of
a church, I cannot with good conscience tell my congregation that it is
all right for them to expose themselves to the doctrine of the Promise
Keepers. Likewise, for the reasons given, I do not believe men should
participate in the Promise Keepers' movement. I praise God for anyone
who gets saved at Promise Keepers and for any ministry of the Word that
may take place. But the Promise Keepers' way is not God's way for producing
godliness. It is my prayer that Christians not substitute man-made programs
for God's glorious plan.
END
NOTES
- Ken
Canfield, "What is Promise Keepers?" Men of Action, Fall 1993, p.4.
-
"What Is Promise Keepers?" Men of Action, Fall 1993, p. 4.
-
"12,148 Committed Promise Keepers and Counting," Men of Action, Fall
,
1993, p. 15
-
"What Is Promise Keepers?" Men of Action, Fall, 1993, p. 5.
-
Ibid.
-
Walter A. Elwell, Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, p. 340.
-
"What Is Promise Keepers?" Men of Action, Fall, 1993, p.4.
-
"12,148 Committed Promise Keepers and Counting," Men of Action, Fall
1993, p. 15.
-
Pastor Oscar J. Anthony, "You Had To Be There," Men of Action, Fall
1993, p. 3.
-
"What Is Promise Keepers?" Men of Action, Fall 1993, p. 5.
-
"12,148 Committed Promise Keepers and Counting," Men of Action, Fall
1993, p. 15.
-
"Promise Keepers," Biblical Discernment Ministries, Vol. 3 #2, March/April
1994.
-
Ibid.
-
This was taken from Jack Hayford's message at the Anaheim, California
Promise Keeper rally in 1994.
NOTE
- Gil Rugh is the senior pastor of Indian Hills Community Church in Lincoln,
NE. He has been preaching there for 25 years.
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